Risks and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Peripheral Artery Disease, or PAD, is a common condition that occurs when arteries are narrowed and result in restriction of blood flow to the arms or legs. The arteries are shaped like hollow tubes and carry blood throughout the body. When plaque (which is made up of cholesterol, fat, and other substances) builds up, the blood flow is restricted and the risk of developing blood clots increases.
Causes and Symptoms
PAD is primarily caused by a variety of factors, including age, smoking, cholesterol levels, low activity, and family history.
Smoking tobacco is the highest risk factor for PAD and its complications. In fact, according to the Cleveland Clinic, “80% of people with PAD are people who currently smoke or used to smoke. Tobacco use increases the risk for PAD by 400%. It also brings on PAD symptoms almost 10 years earlier.”
PAD often presents with symptoms related to reduced blood flow to the extremities, most commonly the legs. The severity of symptoms can vary, and some individuals with PAD may experience mild or no symptoms at all during the early stages. However, as the condition progresses, the following symptoms may become more noticeable:
Muscle pain or cramping:
The pain typically arises in the calf muscles but may also affect the thighs or buttocks. Symptoms are often described as aching, cramping, or fatigue-like discomfort. The pain usually subsides with rest and returns when activity is resumed.
Leg weakness:
Some individuals with PAD may experience weakness in the legs, especially during physical exertion. This can be a result of reduced blood flow to the leg muscles, leading to decreased strength and stamina.
Cold feet or legs:
Insufficient blood flow can result in a feeling of coldness in the feet and lower legs. The skin may appear pale or bluish in color (cyanosis).
Wounds that heal slowly:
In advanced cases of PAD, reduced blood flow can impair the body’s ability to heal wounds properly. Minor injuries or sores on the feet and lower legs may take longer to heal and become prone to infections.
Treatment
Studies have shown that Peripheral Arterial Disease can be managed with changes in lifestyle and control of cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Smoking cessation and a structured exercise program are often all that is needed to alleviate symptoms and prevent further progression. While PAD is not curable, we have treatments at Memphis Vascular Center to manage symptoms and help your risk of heart disease and stroke.
During treatment, the Interventional Radiologist will puncture a blood vessel in the groin and, using imaging as a guide, insert a very thin catheter through the blood vessels to the blockage or narrowed artery. Depending on where the blockage is and how it looks, it may be treated in several ways like angioplasty and stenting.
Memphis Vascular Center offers treatment for Peripheral Arterial Disease. If you would like to learn more about PAD treatment or schedule your appointment, please give us a call at 901-683-1890.
